Recent Updates on Neurological Manifestations of Sjögren Syndrome

Associated with a spectrum of extra glandular manifestations, primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting primarily exocrine glands, causing xerophthalmia and xerostomia. First described by Sjögren in 1933 followed by Jönköping in 1935 [1], it has been well established that central and peripheral nervous systems involvement is one of the most serious complications of pSS. Based on many studies, 1.8%-70% of pSS patients may suffer from neurological manifestations [2-17]. Different study designs, selection bias depending on rheumatology or neurology specialty conducting the study, and degree of investigation on patients’ signs and symptoms may contribute to this significant disparity. Studies with lower prevalence focused on the general population [2,3 and 5], while the higher prevalence series are based on patients who present with neurological symptoms [16,17]. Indeed, the definition and classification criteria of pSS have been changed frequently making it difficult to compare different cohorts [18,19].

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Author: Kam A Newman

Dr. Newman received his medical degree from Teheran University with honors, and completed his internship and residency in internal medicine in New York City/New York with top 10 percent score of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM). Dr. Newman completed his first fellowship program at prestigious Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, and his second fellowship program at National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease (NIAMS), home of 149 Nobel Laureates. During his tenure at NIH/NIAMS, Dr. Newman had oral presentation on CD73 deficiency at the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) meeting, and publication on using PET scan in large vessel vasculitis as first author at the Arthritis and Rheumatology (ANR), official journal of the ACR. Most recently, Dr. Newman joined Eisenhower Health, a world-class institution named as one of the top one hundred hospitals in the United States. He uses the cutting edge science of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS), and color Doppler to produce pictures of muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints throughout the body to help diagnose of sprains, strains, tears and other soft tissue conditions for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. With ultrasound-guided local steroid injection, Dr. Newman effectively treats carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Dr. Newman has published several peer-reviewed articles, and books in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), large vessel vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, autoimmune neuropathy, cancer-related autoimmune disorders, other autoimmune disorders such as autoimmune neutropenia, gene therapy, and medical ethics among others. Dr. Newman is an official member of the American College of Physicians (ACP) and the American College of Rheumatology, and he serves as both ABIM and the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) Diplomat. He is a clinical assistant professor at the University of California, Riverside (UCR), School of Medicine.

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